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Oncology News

Researchers give new insights into connection between ovulation, ovarian cancer

by Vaishali Sharma
written by Vaishali Sharma

It is likely that preventing ovulation can lower the risk of ovarian cancer in women who ovulate more frequently during their lives.

A new international study published this week in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute sheds new light on the potential variations in this relationship among various subtypes of ovarian cancer, as well as how oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and breastfeeding affect ovarian cancer risk in ways other than simply suppressing ovulation.

“Ovarian cancer is a highly fatal group of diseases with limited treatment options, so understanding its origins and the factors that contribute to disease development are critical steps in devising prevention approaches and improving women’s health,” said senior author Francesmary Modugno, Ph.D., professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at Magee-Womens Research Institute and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, who led an international team of researchers. “Studies like this, where researchers from around the world come together and share their data, are critical to achieving these goals.”

The analysis of 21,267 women with ovarian cancer and 26,204 healthy control subjects from 25 studies showed that factors that reduce ovulation duration — namely, oral contraceptives, pregnancy and breastfeeding — were linked with reduced cancer risk and this protective effect was stronger than expected based on ovulation suppression alone. The finding suggests that these factors contribute to cancer risk in other ways, such as via altering hormones or inflammation.
The researchers also found important distinctions between different subtypes of ovarian cancer. For example, mucinous tumors were associated with factors that suppress ovulation, but not with ovulation duration itself, another clue that oral contraceptives, pregnancy and breastfeeding affect cancer risk beyond suppressing ovulation.

In contrast, for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the most common and deadly subtype, the association of oral contraceptives, pregnancy and breastfeeding were as expected, indicating that these factors contribute to risk of serous ovarian cancer through ovulation suppression.

“These findings emphasize that ovarian cancer subtypes are different diseases with different causes,” said Modugno. “This is important as it will hopefully encourage scientists to look for new hypotheses as to how these diseases arise and shed new light on how we can prevent them. Right now, treatment options are limited, so preventing ovarian cancer is the best hope we have for saving lives.”

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Gynecology News

All about Fibroids!

by Pragati Singh
written by Pragati Singh

Fibroids of the uterus, also known as myomas, are one of the most frequent benign tumours of the reproductive system in women. Learn what occurs to a woman who has fibroids, including the types, causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options from a doctor.
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are a form of noncancerous muscle tumour that can grow in your uterus, on the uterine wall, on the surface, or attach to your uterus through a stalk- or stem-like structure. While some fibroids are so little that they can’t be seen with the naked eye, others develop in large masses that can alter the size and shape of your uterus.

They are one of the most prevalent benign tumours of the female reproductive system. Uterine fibroids are said to affect 40-77 percent of women at some time in their lives, however not all of them produce symptoms or consequences.

Types:

According to Dr. Anjali Kumar, Senior Consultant Gynaecologist, Obstetrician, and Founder of Maitri Woman’s Health, fibroids can be of many sorts depending on their location:

1. Intramural – Fibroid is present within the muscular wall of the uterus

2. Submucosal – Fibroid is bulging into the cavity of the uterus

3. Subserosal – Fibroid is located on the outer surface of the uterus

4. Pedunculated – Fibroid is attached only with a thin stalk to the surface of the uterus

Causes:

“Despite enormous advances in medical science and technology, we have still not been able to pin-point the specific reason why fibroids grow in some women but not in others,” Dr. Anjali Kumar said. Although the risk factors have been established, the actual reason has yet to be determined. Fibroids, on the other hand, are hormone-dependent tumours that form in response to the feminine hormones oestrogen and progesterone.”

“The action of these hormones induces enlargement of the uterine muscle tissue in certain women, resulting in the production of fibroids,” she continued. The fact that fibroids are rarely discovered before puberty and are known to reduce in size after menopause supports this theory.

Symptoms:

It is important to note that not all of the uterine fibroids will cause any symptoms or complications and the development of its symptoms depends to a large extent on the size, location and the number of fibroids present in the uterus. Dr Anjali Kumar asserted that many women who have fibroids may not experience any symptoms at all but about 25-50% of women may experience problems like:

1. Heavy and/or prolonged periods

2. Bleeding in between two periods (Inter-menstrual bleeding)

3. Painful periods

4. Pelvic pressure or pain

5. Difficulty in passing urine

6. Frequent urination

7. Constipation

8. Lump in abdomen

9. Difficulty in conceiving

10. Pain during intercourse

Risk factors:

For the uninitiated, fibroids can develop in any woman and at any age and given these are hormone dependant tumours, they are found more commonly in women who have certain risk factors like:

1. A family history of uterine fibroids

2. Obesity

3. Pregnancy

4. African-American origin

5. Age 30 years or older

Diagnosis:

Highlighting that the doctor may do a physical abdominal and pelvic examination of the presence of fibroids, Dr Anjali Kumar shared that one may be advised to undergo certain tests based on the symptoms and clinical examination. These include:

1. Ultrasound of the pelvis and abdomen to detect the number and size of the fibroids.

2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI) – This is required in certain cases to differentiate the fibroids from other benign or cancerous conditions like adenomyosis or sarcomas.

3. CT scan may be required to study the organs of the pelvis and abdomen in detail.

4. Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure where a thin and long camera is introduced into the uterus through the vagina to study the cervix, uterine cavity and endometrial lining. This may help diagnose submucosal fibroids or fibroid polyps.

5. Laparoscopy is also a minimally invasive technique where a thin telescopic camera is introduced into the abdomen under anaesthesia to study the internal organs, uterus, tubes and ovaries.

Treatment:

“Small, asymptomatic fibroids which are diagnosed only by chance and are not causing any symptoms do not require any specific treatment and are usually just kept under observation by an annual ultrasound and clinical examination,” explained Dr Anjali Kumar. However, she revealed that larger fibroids or the fibroids that are causing symptoms require treatment and there are various options available like:

1. Over the counter medications- Painkillers and medications for controlling the bleeding may be prescribed by your doctor.

2. NSAID’s- These are medications that help control the pain and bleeding.

3. Hormonal medications- These can be either oral or injectables.

4. Intrauterine device containing the hormone levonorgestrol has been found very effective in controlling the bleeding and works well for 5 years.

5. Surgical procedures- Sometimes, when conservative medical methods fail or are unsuitable for some women, the doctor may recommend a surgical procedure to remove only the fibroids (Myomectomy) or occasionally, the entire uterus may need to be removed (Hysterectomy).

6. Other methods- Some newer methods are being used to control the symptoms and growth of the fibroids. These include High Intensity Focussed Ultrasound (HIFU) or Uterine Artery Embolisation (UAE).

 

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Gynecology News

Menstrual cycles that are long or irregular being related to an increased risk of NAFLD

by Pragati Singh
written by Pragati Singh

According to a recent study published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, women with lengthy or irregular periods are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and heart disease, but they may also be at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

NAFLD, a chronic illness in which extra fat builds up in the liver, affects around 24% of individuals in the United States. Heavy drinking does not induce fat accumulation. NAFLD can lead to persistent liver impairment, which is linked to an increased risk of mortality. Because no drugs have been licenced to treat NAFLD, the mainstay of therapy is diet and exercise.

The researchers looked at data from 72,092 women under the age of 40. Around 28% of these women had lengthy or irregular menstrual periods, whereas 7% had NAFLD. Four years later, the researchers observed that nearly 9% of the women had developed new instances of NAFLD. The researchers discovered a link between lengthy or irregular menstrual cycles and an elevated risk of NAFLD in young, premenopausal women.

“Young women with long or irregular menstrual cycles may benefit from lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of NAFLD as well as other cardiometabolic diseases,” Ryu said.

 

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Gynecology News

Most Cancers In Men & Women Are Related To Fat Intake: Expert

by Vaishali Sharma
written by Vaishali Sharma

“Breast cancer and uterine cancer, these all are related to obesity and more fats or carbohydrates in diet and not taking a proper balanced diet”, Dr Sarika Gupta, Gynaecologist from Apollo Hospital said.

Here are a few snippets from the interview:

How important is it for a female to maintain good sexual and reproductive health ?

Dr.Sarika: Sexual and reproductive health is important for both male and female and sexual and reproductive health includes the knowledge and awareness about sexual practices, what is natural what is unnatural and information regarding reproduction, which includes fertility issues and infertility issues also. So, fertility issues are contraception and information about abortion and information regarding the problems or diseases that are spread by sexual contact which includes minor infections which can be cured with antibiotics but also sexually transmitted infections like hiv aids. It includes very serious diseases also and these contraception and abortion also can lead to serious issues. So, it is very important to have knowledge about sexual health and reproductive health.

What is the role of a good diet and a balanced lifestyle in maintaining a healthy reproductive system?

Dr.Sarika: So ,as you know diet is important for every part in body and specially because i am a specialist for female reproductive health so problem which arise with poor diet are hormonal problems, specially which is named as polycystic ovary syndrome , which is a life style disease, which is related to carbohydrates and metabolism problems and if somebody eating junk food and more carbohydrates. PCOD occurrs more in those who have a bad diet or exercising less and most importantly, many cancers in men and females are related to fat intake. In females, i would say breast cancer and uterine cancer, these all are related to obesity and more fats or carbohydrates in diet and not taking a proper balanced diet. Similarly in males also there are diseases which are caused by bad eating habits and other lifestyle like stress.

Every year about 6% of adult population in india is infected with sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections. How often should a female get herself tested for the same and what are the tests recommended ? Moreover, what is the best way to protect oneself for such infections ?

Dr.Sarika: See it is a normal sexual infections, they are very common and they happen to most of the women who would have some kind of infections. If they are sexually active then they will have some or the other kind of sexually transmitted infections. It can be just the external infection that is the vaginal infection which is just outside. Sometimes, it can be internal also which is when it becomes serious. Patients can get hospitalised because of these infections, so that is why women should know, when she should visit a doctor. If she is not having any symptoms then also she should go to a gynaecologist every year and if she has an infection,if she has discharge which is curdy , which is associated with itching, she should go to the doctor instead of taking any kind of desi ilaaj or any medicine from the chemist . They should go to the doctor because if you are treating the infection incompletely then you will get regular infections . Sometimes the infection comes from the partner so we treat the partner also. If these things are not taken care of, then you might have infections like infertility.

A Key factor of reproductive health is menstruation. Very often, girls with young age experience irregular menstruation. What are the basic causes of irregular periods? And can it lead to or be a sign of other health problems? If so, when should one see a doctor??

Dr.Sarika: Yeah you are right , irregular menstruation is also a very common symptom and patients come to us. I think 50 percent who come to us , women and adolescent come to us with irregular periods. Periods can be prolonged that is happening every 40 to 45 days, 50 days or even in 2-3 months and it can be coming very earlier also. So sometimes, adolescent might come with bleeding coming after every 15 days or somebody can come if she is bleeding for like 15 or 20 days. So their are different kind of problems and i would tell everyone that if your periods are coming between 21 to 35 days and it is happening regularly at the same time, 3 to 5 days is ok , you don’t need to see a doctor. If you are bleeding for less then 7 days or your bleeding is or if you are having severe pain during periods which is affecting your day to day things. Then it is normal otherwise, if their is something strange from this normalcy then you can see a doctor and what is the reason, the reason for adolescents is that their cycle take sometime to regularise. So, the doctor have to first get a ultrasound and check what is the problem and if it is fine ,then we can observe the cycles as per what is the requirements. Most of the time it is hormonal medication also to regularise the cycle.

 

It is a very important day today, so what is your message to the viewers when it comes to discussing their sexual health considering the stigma around it .

Dr.Sarika: Yes , you are right there is a social stigma around it. Many times women and men also, if their is a small problem in the genital area or it is some discharge, swelling anything, they didn’t want to come to the doctor. They want to go to the chemist or ask their friends or something like that ,which can actually make their problems worse. You should know that it is very common. Its not only you who’s suffering .so, once in a year , I would say it is normal to have this kind of infection to a married women. Once in her age is fine , then go to the doctor, she will treat you , dont hesitate to go to a doctor . Nowadays it is also a stigma that doctor “how did i get it ? Should i think my partner is having infertility chance” so that is also not the case. It is actually very common and many other virus and infections are also very common. Sometimes infection just stays there, when the immunity is low ,it flares up. So, you can see the infection later, many years after the infection . So, there should be no stigma around it . It is very common and there are treatments which will actually treat you within few days.

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Gynecology NewsExperts speak

FEMALE HYGIENE DURING HIGH HUMIDITY

by Dr. Ritu Sethi
written by Dr. Ritu Sethi

Article By: Dr Ritu Sethi, Senior Consultant- Gynaecology, Cloud Nine Hospital, Sector 14 Gurgaon and Apex Clinic, Sector 31, Gurgaon

As we are all aware, the months of July to September is the time when humidity is at its peak causing onset of many skin problems causing great discomfort to most.

In my 20 years of practice as a gynecologist, I have noticed the particular onset of rashes ,itching and discomfort in most women in their intimate areas in this weather. The most common reason for this is high humidity which leads to thriving bacterial and fungal infections.

Most women complain of itchiness causing them discomfort to this extent that they are unable to even sleep at night and carry out their daily office and household chores.

Extreme wetness due to wearing of synthetic underclothes, improperly dried undergarments or keeping poor personal hygiene are the most common underlying reasons. If one is overweight or obese ,one tends to sweat even more which aggravates the condition.

Also women with preexisting diabetes are more predisposed to this condition because thrush and bacterial infections tend to thrive in uncontrolled diabetes. In diabetes, the ph of the vagina is altered due to which common fungi on the skin like thrush grow in copious amount causing severe infections .Lack of adequate fluid intake, physical activity and intake of diet which does not have adequate fruits and veggies leads to growth of harmful bacteria on the skin which in extreme cases even lead to foul odor and skin discolouration in many instances.

The only way to prevent this problem of itching and rashes in females is by wearing dry, loose and cotton underclothes. Keeping blood sugar under strict control , maintaining weight and taking a healthy well balanced diet with daily physical activity can prevent this condition from happening. OVER THE COUNTER INTIMATE WASHES AND OINTMENTS DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD, SO BEFORE REACHING OUT FOR YOUR ATTRACTIVELY PACKAGED JAR AT YOUR LOCAL CHEMIST, make sure you are doing the above.

 

 

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Nutrition NewsSexual health

Infertility? These superfood can help!

by Pragati Singh
written by Pragati Singh

Foods high in antioxidants, fibre, or fatty acids that are thought to be beneficial to human health, such as salmon, broccoli, or blueberries, are considered superfoods. Antioxidants are thought to have cancer-fighting properties. They’re also high in healthy fats, which may help prevent heart disease. They can also aid in fertility!

Phytochemicals are plant-derived chemicals that produce dark colours and odours and have a variety of health benefits. Fibre is thought to aid in the prevention of diabetes and digestive problems.

During the coronavirus pandemic, switching to a plant-based diet is recommended since it is an effective strategy to extend life, protect the environment, and reduce disease risk. As a result, diet is critical in preserving your general health and nutrition, particularly as we combat this infection.

Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seeds, herbs, minimally processed spices, and no animal products, such as red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, or dairy, are all part of a herb diet.

However, there is no definitive definition of superfoods from a scientific standpoint. It simply means that it is a food that has high quantities of essential nutrients and is linked to improving health and personal well-being or preventing diseases. The concept of designating a serving of food as a superfood seems to align with a desire to encourage a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains.

FOR WOMEN AND MEN, THE TOP 5 FERTILITY SUPERFOOD

A healthy diet, according to fertility specialists, can have a substantial impact on fertility. A well-balanced, vitamin- and nutrient-rich diet can aid in improving oocyte and egg quality, as well as sperm integrity. Eggs can be harmed by increased stress levels or lifestyle changes, so nutrients like omega-3 and antioxidants like vitamin C and co-enzyme Q can help. Folic acid is an essential vitamin that helps to prevent embryonic defects when present in sufficient concentrations in the bloodstream.

LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES

They’re abundant in folic acid and vitamin C, two substances that aid in the process of ovulation. During pregnancy, it reduces the chance of miscarriage and chromosomal abnormalities. Include veggies like spinach, broccoli, kale, and fenugreek in your diet for the best results. By the way, green vegetables have been demonstrated to aid in the creation of high-quality sperm.

DRIED FRUITS AND NUTS

Protein, vitamins, and minerals are abundant in nuts and dried fruits. Walnuts are high in selenium, which can help eggs with chromosomal problems. The presence of selenium will aid to boost fertility by reducing harm. This antioxidant protects the human body from free radicals and boosts egg production. To increase your fertility, eat a handful of nuts and dried fruits every day.

 

QUINOA

It is vital that the expecting mother consumes at least half of her daily grain intake as whole grains. Substituting plant-based proteins like quinoa for animal-based proteins increases the likelihood of conception. This also aids in the regulation of the menstrual cycle as well as the control of blood sugar levels. Quinoa also has a high fibre content.

SEEDS FROM PUMPKINS

Pumpkin seeds aid in the development of mature cells. They’re also high in zinc, which aids in the production of testosterone and sperm. Furthermore, pumpkin seeds can increase blood flow to all reproductive organs, which helps to support and control a healthy reproductive system. Pumpkin seeds are high in energy and nutrients, and they are good for everyone to eat.

BANANAS

Vitamin B6 is abundant in bananas, and it supports zygote formation by regulating hormones involved in the ovulation process. It also has a high potassium and vitamin C content. Because a lack of potassium and vitamin B6 causes poor egg and sperm quality, it is recommended that parents who are trying to conceive eat bananas for breakfast.

 

 

 

 

 

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Woman health

Is Eating Dates Safe During Pregnancy and Can It Help With Labor?

by Pragati Singh
written by Pragati Singh

Dates are an excellent choice for sweet and healthy snacks during pregnancy.

To be honest, this dried fruit may not be on your radar. Nonetheless, eating a handful of dates is more nutritious than many people realise.

Here are some of the advantages of eating dates while pregnant, as well as how this fruit may affect labour.

Benefits of eating dates during pregnancy

Dates offers many nutritional benefits during pregnancy.

One day you might feel energetic, and the next day you’re fatigued and can’t think clearly. (Thanks, pregnancy brain fog.) The more nutrients and vitamins you put into your system, though, the better you’ll feel physically and mentally.

Dates are a fruit from the date palm tree, which is a type of flowering plant. Dates are one of the sweetest types of fruits. But don’t worry, it’s a natural type of sugar.

Eating this dried fruit provides a healthier way to satisfy your sweet tooth than perhaps that traditional ice cream craving. And because it’s a good source of natural fructose, dates may give you energy to fight pregnancy fatigue — a win-win.

The nutritional benefits don’t stop here, though. Dates are also loaded with fiber to keep your digestive system running smoothly. And as a result, you’re less likely to deal with pregnancy-related constipation.

Dates are also a source of folate, which helps reduce the likelihood of birth defects. They also provide iron and vitamin K.

Getting more iron in your diet can boost your energy levels and fight iron deficiency anemia. In addition, vitamin K helps a growing baby develop strong bones, and it can improve your muscle and nerve function.

Dates are also a rich source of potassium, an electrolyte mineral that helps keep blood vessels relaxed and blood pressure lower.

Precautions when eating dates during pregnancy

Dates are not only healthy, but also safe to eat during pregnancy. There’s no evidence suggesting that dates have a negative effect during the first, second, or third trimester of pregnancy.

Quite the opposite, actually: Eating dates can have a positive effect and help you feel better, especially if you’ve been dealing with low energy or constipation.

Because of the rumors about dates making for easier labor — more on that in a second — some people may try them for the first time while pregnant.

For this reason, one precaution is the (very unlikely) risk of having an allergic reaction to dates. Signs of a reaction include tingling, itchiness, or swelling around your mouth or tongue. If these symptoms develop, stop eating dates immediately.

Keep in mind that dates are also high in carbohydrates and calories, so don’t go overboard if your OB has told you to watch your calorie intake or blood sugar. Limit yourself to six dates a day.

Can dates help your labor?

The date palm tree is a native plant in the Middle East, so while dates aren’t a staple food in the United States, they are in that part of the world — and have been for millennia.

Dates have long been believed to have therapeutic benefits (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor). Another purported benefit is the ability of dates to improve labor.

Eating this dried fruit to enhance the labor experience may seem like an old urban (or, rather, ancient) myth, but according to researchers, there’s some evidence to back up this claim. So depending on how many dates you eat during pregnancy, your labor could start without the help of medication since dates are believed to promote natural induction.

In a 2011 study, researchers had 69 pregnant women eat six dates a day for 4 weeks leading up to their estimated delivery dates. The study also consisted of 45 pregnant women who didn’t eat any dates prior to their delivery dates.

At the conclusion of the study, researchers discovered that the women who ate six dates a day for 4 weeks had a shorter first stage of labor, a higher mean cervical dilatation, and more had intact membranes upon arrival at the hospital. (In other words, their cervix was more ripe for giving birth.)

Additionally, 96 percent of the women who ate dates experienced spontaneous labor compared with only 79 percent of the women who didn’t eat dates.

A more recent study of 154 women compared 77 who ate dates late in their pregnancy and 77 who didn’t. Researchers found that the date eaters had significantly less need for medical intervention to induce or expedite labor compared to those who didn’t eat any dates.

Based on these findings, researchers believe that eating dates could reduce the need for labor induction. More research is needed to confirm it would benefit all women. (But it sure wouldn’t hurt to nibble on a few a day leading up to your due date!)

Eating other dried fruits during pregnancy

Be mindful that dates aren’t the only dried fruits you can eat during pregnancy. Fruit in general is healthy due to its vitamins, fiber, and other nutrients. It’s also filling and can help you feel satisfied longer.

But it’s also important to eat dried fruits in moderation. Dried fruits go through a drying process (yes, we know that’s a bit obvious), which causes them to lose water. And as a result, these fruits tend to have more calories and sugar than their non-dried counterparts.

So eating a handful of your favorite dried fruit isn’t the same as eating the same amount of fresh fruit. So if you’re trying to control your sugar intake, stick to no more than a half cup to one cup of dried fruit per day.

You can eat dried fruit alone, add it to smoothies, or sprinkle it over a salad or side dish.

The takeaway

A healthy pregnancy is all about eating a healthy, balanced diet, which can include plenty of fresh and dried fruits. Dates are an excellent choice because they’re fiber rich and have other nutrients and vitamins.

And if research conclusions are accurate, eating dates while pregnant just might improve your chances for a spontaneous, natural induction.

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Woman healthExclusivesExperts speak

ESSENTIAL HEALTH TIPS FOR WOMEN ABOVE THE AGE OF 40

by Dr. Ritu Sethi
written by Dr. Ritu Sethi

Dr Ritu Sethi, Senior Consultant- Gynaecology, Cloud Nine Hospital, Sector 14 Gurgaon and Apex Clinic, Sector 31, Gurgaon

These days, women are facing the brunt of the ravaging corona epidemic.Be it the home front or the workplace,women are battling all odds to create a balance in professional and personal lives.But ,long work hours along with increasing demands of family due to decrease in social interactions,has led to women compromising on their health not realizing the long term impact.

In this grim scenario,I would like to briefly emphasize on the need for women, especially those above 40 years of age to continue with routine check ups with their gynecologist to detect any sinister diseases they may be harbouring before the situation gets out of hand.

So what are the routine investigations that women above 40 should be undergoing regularly?

The most important of this is the yearly mammography which is a specialized X ray of the breast carried out to detect small lumps or nodules which might not even be detected by regular self -examination.The mammogram is a simple test, cheap and carried out at most diagnostic centres and should be performed annually in all women above the age of 40 years.

A routine pelvic examination again is a must for all women and this along with a Pap smear should be performed routinely.The pelvic examination along with ultrasound, will detect some cancers of the female genital tract like ovarian cancers which are silent killers are usually are detected after the disease has spread extensively.

A Pap smear is another test recommended for all women as it can detect cervical cancer in the precancerous stages itself.Again it is a cheap,easy to perform and simple tests carried out by the gynaecologist.

It is important here to note that most female cancers like breast, ovarian and cervical cancer are usually detected at late stages and if a women is undergoing routine check ups with her gynaecologist , these cancers can be detected at an early stage when they are fully curable.

Not only this, women start losing their bone density extensively after 40 ,thus routine bone densitometry is recommended for all women after 40 years .

Besides this ,routine tests like blood sugar, lipid profile and thyroid investigations are also recommended for all women to screen for onset of lifestyle disorders like hypertension and type 2 diabetes which if not treated in time, can lead to stroke and myocardial infarctions later on in life.

If lifestyle and dietary modifications are done well in time, many of these lifestyle disorders can be treated early thus preventing the long term health complications arising from these diseases.

Thus ,it is imperative for women to realise the importance of consulting their gynecologist regularly and carrying out relevant investigations above the age of 40 years.

 

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