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Endocrinology and Metabolism

Type 2 diabetes risk can be reduced by regular follow-up: Study

by Vaishali Sharma
written by Vaishali Sharma

Type 2 diabetes risk can be reduced by regular follow-up

A recent study conducted by NTNU (The Norwegian University of Science and Technology) and St. Olav’s Hospital Centre of Obesity discovered that long-term follow-up reduced the chance of developing type 2 diabetes.

“We’re seeing that long-term follow-up from health services in Norwegian towns may help minimise the chance of acquiring diabetes 2 and improve people’s health,” says NTNU researcher Ingrid Sordal Folling from the Department of Health and Nursing. Folling works at St. Olavs Hospital in Trondheim’s Centre for Obesity Research, Surgical Clinic. The findings of the study were reported in the British Medical Journal.

Type 2 diabetes affects 350 million individuals worldwide. In Norway, over 270 000 people have the condition, a figure that has nearly risen in the previous 20 years. A further 10% of the population is at risk of getting type 2 diabetes.

Individuals with the condition either do not generate enough insulin or their cells resist the hormone, a condition known as insulin resistance. This has an effect on blood sugar levels and disturbs the body’s metabolism of nutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

According to the current findings, taking action is typically beneficial. Changes in habits can be helpful if they are implemented. Long-term follow-up is required in this case.

The study’s subjects all had a BMI of 25 or above. This equates to being overweight or obese. The research began with 189 participants, with around 70% completing the programme. Many of them had excellent outcomes.

At the outset, the greatest risk group consisted of 65 participants. During the five-year period, more than 40% of this group, or 27 people, lowered their risk to “medium,” the Following explains.

When the study began, nine patients already had signs of type 2 diabetes, and six of them were able to lessen their symptoms.

Another study has found that basic lifestyle recommendations from healthcare professionals do not reduce the chance of getting type 2 diabetes.

Participants in this trial, on the other hand, were given physical activity and nutritional regimens for a year and were measured over a lengthy period of time—in this instance, for a whole five years. A long-term commitment tends to produce far greater benefits.

During the five-year period, 54 of the participants dropped out, accounting for little more than 30% of the total. Many of the youngest participants, as well as those with the highest BMI, waist circumference, and weight measurement, were among those who dropped out.

The researchers are unsure why they decided not to continue.

This might be due to socioeconomic factors since individuals who did not go full-time had less education and were less likely to be employed. Another probable explanation is that the training and courses were held during the day, making it more difficult for the younger participants to engage.

Previous experience has shown that the people who most need the offers to improve their habits are the ones who do not take them up or leave the programme.

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Exclusives

National Oral Pathologists Day: ICPA Organizes Webinar On Oral Manifestations of Endocrine Disorders

by Vaishali Sharma
written by Vaishali Sharma

On the occasion of National Oral Pathologists Day, Feb 25, India’s leading Pharma Company in the oral healthcare segment – ICPA Health Products Ltd (ICPA) has organized a special webinar on ‘Oral Manifestations of Endocrine Disorders’ in association with Etsah Trinity Providers, Jaipur. The webinar will be held on the same day at 9:30 pm (IST) and will have Dr Sasi Mouli, MBBS, MS, DNB, MCh (Endocrine Surgery) – Consultant Surgeon at Lilavati Hospital as the Guest Speaker. The webinar will aim to address the critical oral manifestations of endocrine disorders in order to help dentists in accurately diagnosing and treating patients.

Dr Nilesh Pardhe (Organizing Chairman), Dr Pradakshana Vijay (Organizing Secretary) and Dr Priyanka Singh (Organizing Co-secretary) will host the webinar with Dr Rajeev Chitguppi, ICPA’s Technical Head of Marketing as the moderator for the session.

“Dentists should be aware of endocrine disorders because sometimes the dentist is the first to observe the oral manifestations, thus helping with an early diagnosis of an underlying endocrine problem. Furthermore, dental patients with endocrine disorders, especially diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders and Addison’s disease, among others may need special care in various dental surgeries. We are sure that Dr Sasi Mouli’s rich clinical experience in the domain will benefit not only the academicians but also the practicing dentists,” says Dr Rajeev Chitguppi.

National Oral Pathologists day was instituted by the Indian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial pathologists to honour Dr Harnath Manishankar Dholakia, India’s first post-graduate teacher in Oral Pathologist on his birthday, 25th Feb.

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Endocrinology and Metabolism

Drinking excess Water for Health: Truth or Myth?

by Vaishali Sharma
written by Vaishali Sharma

“Excess water drinking leads to excess pee only but not glowing skin”, is a meme circulating in social media! Jokes apart, medical science does not endorse drinking too much water by an otherwise healthy person as is wrongly advocated and campaigned by some, including some celebrities and some health & wellness practitioners. 

They seem to advocate drinking water more than the body really needs, claiming that excess water drinking purifies the body of impurities, brings glow to face and improves general health. There is no definite scientific basis for this and on the contrary may do harm.

Drinking to thirst is all that any healthy human needs to do, which is an inbuilt mechanism in a healthy body. But, if you think there is a problem with your thirst, urine frequency or volume, or if you have a health problem related to hormones, heart, kidneys, brain or liver, it is important to take expert advice regarding daily water intake.

Excess water intake is recommended in special circumstances though, when one is exercising, when the weather is hot or when one is dehydrated due to loose stools and vomitings or when blood glucose levels are high. But such excess water intake needed only in special scenarios cannot be justified in an otherwise healthy human in normal circumstances.

Unnecessary excess water drinking can lead to low blood sodium and the various complications there of. If practiced for prolonged periods, it may lead to loss of kidney’s ability to concentrate urine, confusion, swelling of brain, fits, coma, puffiness of body due to oedema, and heart related complications. 

Obsessive habit of the same may lead to habitual water drinking called Psychogenic Polydipsia. So, after all, drinking water in excess by a healthy person, may not lead to better health outcomes but may instead do harm! So, do think twice before you drink those extra jugs of water daily in the name of good health!

Credits: Dr Ravi Sankar Erukulapati

Senior Consultant Endocrinologist,

Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad.

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blood sugar
Endocrinology and Metabolism

Blood Sugar affects the body this way

by Vaishali Sharma
written by Vaishali Sharma

Sugar levels in our blood plays very important role for the overall functioning of our body. High or Low both affects equally.

High:
Makes You Pee More
Your kidneys have to work hard to process all that extra sugar in your blood. When they can’t keep up, your body gets rid of it, along with water that your body needs.

Makes You Thirsty
To get rid of that extra sugar, your body draws water from its own tissues. Because you need that fluid to make energy, transfer nutrients, and get rid of waste, a switch flips in your brain to tell you that you’re thirsty so you’ll drink more.

Dry Mouth
Your mouth could get dry and cracked at the corners as your body draws fluid from it. Less saliva and more sugar in your blood make infection more likely. Your gums might swell, and white patches can grow on your tongue and inside your cheeks (your doctor will call this oral thrush). It can help to drink more water or chew sugar-free gum.

Skin Problems
Your body takes water from all over to get rid of extra blood sugar. That may cause dry, itchy, cracked, skin, especially on your legs, elbows, feet, and hands. In time, high glucose levels also can damage nerves. This is called diabetic neuropathy. It can make it harder for you to feel cuts, wounds, or infections. Without treatment, they can become bigger problems, like the loss of a toe, foot, or part of your leg.

Vision Problems
Your body may pull fluid from the lenses in your eyes, which makes it harder to focus. And high blood sugar can damage blood vessels on the back part of your eye (retina). That can cause long-term vision loss and even blindness.

Fatigue
When you have type 2 diabetes and your blood sugar is high too often, you become less sensitive to insulin, which helps move energy to your cells. A lack of fuel can make you tired. You can have the same fatigue with type 1 diabetes, because your body can’t make its own insulin. If you don’t treat it correctly, your levels can stay high all the time. Your doctor can help by prescribing medication and suggesting lifestyle changes you can make.

Digestive Problems
If your blood sugar is high for too long, it can damage the vagus nerve, which helps move food through your stomach and intestines. You may lose weight because you aren’t as hungry. You might have trouble with acid reflux, cramps, vomiting, and severe constipation.

Low:
Fatigue
If you have diabetes, insulin is one way to lower your blood sugar when it gets high. But if you take too much, it might remove so much glucose so quickly that your body can’t replace it fast enough. That leaves you tired. Other illnesses and drugs also may also upset this cycle and empty your tank.

Weird Heartbeat
The hormones that help raise your blood sugar when it’s too low can also spike your heart rate and make it feel like it skips a beat. (Your doctor will call this arrhythmia.) The drop in glucose most often happens as a side effect of drugs used to treat diabetes.

Shakiness
Low glucose can unsettle your central nervous system, which controls how you move. When that happens, your body releases hormones, like adrenaline, to help bring your levels back up. But those same substances also may make your hands and other parts shake or tremble.

Sweaty
The hormones your body releases to raise your blood sugar when it gets too low also make you sweat a lot. It’s often one of the first things you notice when your glucose levels fall too far. Your doctor can help you track your levels and try to keep them in a healthy range with medication, exercise, and eating habits.

Hungry
Sudden, intense hunger, even after you’ve eaten, may be a sign that your body doesn’t convert food to blood sugar in the right way. Illness or certain drugs can cause it, too. If you have diabetes, your doctor might be able to adjust your medication, which is often the source of the problem.

Nausea
Actually, it isn’t low blood sugar by itself. When your levels get either very high or very low, it can cause a rebound effect. Your blood sugar bounces from one extreme to the other, confuses your body’s digestive system, and makes you feel sick to your stomach.

Dizziness
Your brain cells need glucose to work properly. When they don’t have enough, you may start to feel tired, weak, and dizzy. You also might have a headache.

Confusion
When your blood sugar gets really low (hypoglycemia), you start to lose your bearings. You may slur your speech or forget where you are. Sometimes it happens so suddenly that you might not even realize you’re acting strangely. In serious cases, you could have a seizure or fall into a coma.

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