Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting millions of people. Despite its severity, many remain unaware of this “silent thief of sight” until it is too late. On World Glaucoma Day, the importance of awareness, early detection, and proactive eye care cannot be overstated. To shed light on this crucial issue, Firstpost spoke with Dr. Ramanjit Sihota, a renowned expert from Shroff Eye Centre (Delhi), to understand the disease, its risk factors, and how individuals can protect their vision.
Understanding Glaucoma: What Exactly Is It?
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that damage the optic nerve, the critical structure responsible for transmitting visual signals from the eye to the brain. The primary cause of this damage is an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to improper fluid drainage in the eye. However, other factors such as poor blood circulation and genetics also contribute to the disease.
In India, glaucoma is commonly known as Kala Motiya, and it remains one of the most prevalent causes of permanent blindness. Unlike cataracts, which can be treated with surgery, glaucoma-related vision loss is irreversible.
Why is Glaucoma Called the “Silent Thief of Sight”?
One of the most dangerous aspects of glaucoma is its lack of early symptoms. Patients in the early stages experience no pain, no redness, and no noticeable vision changes. As a result, many remain unaware that they have the disease. By the time they notice symptoms, significant and irreversible damage has already occurred.
Dr. Sihota emphasizes that regular eye check-ups are crucial because once vision is lost, it cannot be restored.
Symptoms of Glaucoma in Later Stages
- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
- Difficulty judging distances or depth perception
- Challenges in low-light conditions
- Tunnel vision—seeing only through a narrowed central field
Patients often realize they have glaucoma only when they struggle with everyday tasks like driving (not noticing vehicles approaching from the side) or walking downstairs (misjudging steps).
Who is at Risk? Should a 20-Year-Old Get Checked?
Glaucoma does not discriminate—it can affect anyone at any age. However, certain groups are at a higher risk and should prioritize regular eye exams.
High-Risk Groups for Glaucoma
✔ People over 40 years of age
✔ Individuals with a family history of glaucoma
✔ Those with myopia (nearsightedness)
✔ Diabetics or those with high blood pressure
✔ People using long-term steroid medications (for asthma, skin diseases, etc.)
✔ Individuals with past eye injuries or surgeries
Even young individuals with a history of eye injury or high myopia should undergo regular screenings. Optical shops checking only eyeglass power cannot detect glaucoma, making comprehensive eye exams essential.
Managing Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Treatment
The good news is that glaucoma can be managed if detected early. Modern treatments, including medications, laser procedures, and surgery, help slow or stop its progression.
How is Glaucoma Diagnosed?
A complete eye examination is required to diagnose glaucoma, including:
? Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure (IOP)
? Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve for damage
? Perimetry: Tests peripheral vision loss
? Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A detailed imaging scan of the optic nerve
Treatment Options
? Prescription Eye Drops – The first line of treatment, reducing eye pressure
? Laser Therapy – Procedures like Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) improve fluid drainage
? Surgery – If medications and laser fail, Trabeculectomy or Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) may be necessary
Lifelong monitoring and treatment adherence are key—missing medications or follow-ups can lead to progressive blindness.
Living with Glaucoma: How to Protect Your Eyes
Managing glaucoma requires a holistic approach, including medical treatment and lifestyle adjustments.
1. Follow Your Treatment Plan
✔ Use prescribed eye drops consistently
✔ Attend regular check-ups to monitor disease progression
✔ Set reminders or alarms to avoid missing medications
2. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
✔ Control Blood Pressure & Sugar Levels – Hypertension and diabetes worsen glaucoma
✔ Stay Active – Regular aerobic exercise helps lower eye pressure
✔ Avoid Smoking & Excess Alcohol – These increase optic nerve damage risk
3. Be Cautious with Physical Activity
✔ Brisk walking, cycling, and swimming are safe
❌ Avoid headstands, weightlifting, and high-impact exercises that increase eye pressure
The Role of Awareness: Why World Glaucoma Day Matters
Raising awareness is critical because 50% of glaucoma cases remain undiagnosed, and in developing countries, this number is even higher.
Key Messages for World Glaucoma Day
✅ Get an eye check-up annually, especially if you’re in a high-risk group
✅ Encourage family members to screen for glaucoma if they have risk factors
✅ Do not ignore vision changes—consult an ophthalmologist immediately
✅ Educate others—spread awareness about the importance of early detection
Final Thoughts: Your Eyes Deserve Care
Glaucoma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. With early detection, proper treatment, and a commitment to regular eye care, individuals can protect their vision. This World Glaucoma Day, take a pledge to prioritize your eye health—because sight lost to glaucoma is gone forever.
Remember: Early detection is the only defence against blindness!
